Evaluation of the Sociodemographic, Behavioral and Clinical Influences on Complete Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Medical Care in Houston, Texas

2 years 10 months ago
CONCLUSION: Measures of adherence should include all adherence types (dose, schedule, instruction), as utilizing a single adherence type will overestimate adherence level in PLWH receiving medical care. Intervention efforts to maintain adherence should target recently infected PLWH, while those aimed at improving adherence should focus on longer infected PLWH.
Pagna Sok

Risk Factors for Illness Severity Among Pregnant Women With Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection-Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mothers and Babies Network, 22 State, Local, and Territorial Health Departments, 29 March…

2 years 10 months ago
CONCLUSIONS: Older age and having underlying medical conditions were associated with increased risk of moderate-to-severe or critical COVID-19 illness among pregnant women. This information might help pregnant women understand their risk for moderate-to-severe or critical COVID-19 illness and can inform targeted public health messaging.
Romeo R Galang

Prevalence and risk factors of type II diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in Texas

2 years 10 months ago
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among people living with HIV (PLWH). Cross-sectional data of 989 PLWH in Texas obtained from the 2015-2017 Texas and Houston Medical Monitoring Project were examined. T2DM was identified by formal medical chart diagnosis, insulin/oral hypoglycemic prescriptions, or most recent fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL. T2DM adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were...
Justin R Buendia

COVID-19 Infection among People with HIV/AIDS in Africa: Knowledge Gaps, Public Health Preparedness and Research Priorities

2 years 11 months ago
The emergence of novel virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 has complicated Africa's public health challenges, especially with the pre-existing epidemics such as HIV/AIDS. We highlight the known evidence related to COVID-19 infections among people with HIV (PWH) with specific reference to Africa. The knowledge gaps, level of public health preparedness and the potential research priorities are also outlined. Although the epidemiology and clinical course of COVID-19 in HIV patients are evolving,...
Ekere James Essien

Evaluating recovery, cost, and throughput of different concentration methods for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology

2 years 11 months ago
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect communities across the globe, the need to contain the spread of the outbreaks is of paramount importance. Wastewater monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent responsible for COVID-19, has emerged as a promising tool for health officials to anticipate outbreaks. As interest in wastewater monitoring continues to grow and municipalities begin to implement this approach, there is a need to further identify and evaluate methods used to...
Zachary W LaTurner

Responding to Natural and Industrial Disasters: Partnerships and Lessons Learned

3 years ago
CONCLUSIONS: Embedding DR2 activities at academic institutions can enable rapid deployment of lessons learned from one disaster to enhance the response to subsequent disasters, even when those disasters are different. Our experience demonstrates the importance of academic institutions working with governmental and community partners to support timely disaster response efforts. Efforts enabled by such experience include providing health and safety training and consistent and reliable messaging,...
Elaine Symanski

Methodological synthesis of Bayesian phylodynamics, HIV-TRACE, and GEE: HIV-1 transmission epidemiology in a racially/ethnically diverse Southern U.S. context

3 years 1 month ago
This study introduces an innovative methodological approach to identify potential drivers of structuring HIV-1 transmission clustering patterns between different subpopulations in the culturally and racially/ethnically diverse context of Houston, TX, the largest city in the Southern United States. Using 6332 HIV-1 pol sequences from persons newly diagnosed with HIV during the period 2010-2018, we reconstructed HIV-1 transmission clusters, using the HIV-TRAnsmission Cluster Engine (HIV-TRACE);...
Kayo Fujimoto

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use and Detected Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States-National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 5 US Cities, 2017

3 years 4 months ago
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of extragenital STI was high for both MSM on PrEP and those not on PrEP in the past year. MSM on PrEP were more likely to have rectal chlamydia but not pharyngeal STIs or rectal gonorrhea. Our findings support regular STI testing at exposed anatomic sites as recommended for sexually active MSM, including those on PrEP.
Johanna Chapin-Bardales

Brief Report: Discrepancies Between Self-Reported Adherence and a Biomarker of Adherence in Real-World Settings

3 years 4 months ago
CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of biomarker-based adherence monitoring at these 2 clinics resulted in 564 additional patients receiving enhanced adherence support who otherwise would not have been identified as nonadherent to their prescribed PrEP regimen. These findings suggest that objective adherence monitoring can be used clinically to enable providers to identify nonadherent patients and allocate support services accordingly.
Shane Hebel

Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the State of Texas of the United States: Past Reflections, Present Shortcomings, and Future Needs of the Public Health Response

3 years 5 months ago
A strategy titled "Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America" aims to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in the United States by at least 90% by 2030, using diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. Texas is a Southern state that has one of the highest numbers of new HIV diagnoses and people with HIV in the country, and where HIV disproportionately impacts minorities. We retrace the historical epidemic in its largest city, Houston, to illustrate the lessons learned and...
Ume L Abbas

Insights on COVID-19 From Community Health Worker State Leaders

3 years 6 months ago
Community health workers (CHWs) leverage their trusting relationships with underresourced populations to promote health equity and social justice in their communities. Little is known about CHWs roles in addressing COVID-19 or how the pandemic may have affected CHWs' ability to interact with and support communities experiencing disparities. A focus group with CHW leaders from 7 states revealed 8 major themes: CHW identity, CHW resiliency, self-care, unintended positives outcomes of COVID-19,...
Susan Mayfield-Johnson

Model-Based Recursive Partitioning of Patients' Return Visits to Multispecialty Clinic During the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza (pH1N1)

3 years 9 months ago
Background During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic (pH1N1), the proportion of outpatient visits to emergency departments, clinics and hospitals became elevated especially during the early months of the pandemic due to surges in sick, 'worried well' or returning patients seeking care. We determined the prevalence of return visits to a multispecialty clinic during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and identify subgroups at risk for return visits using model-based recursive partitioning technique....
Osaro Mgbere

Learning from suicide deaths in Harris County, Texas

3 years 9 months ago
This study examined individual and community demographic characteristics surrounding suicides in one of the most populous counties in the United States. We paired medical examiner records with U.S. Census data and analyzed them using geospatial software. The majority of decedents were non-Hispanic, white males who died primarily of gunshot wounds. Salient age characteristics included interpersonal violence and depression among ages younger than 40. Despite lower incomes and education levels,...
Annalyn S DeMello

Evaluation of metal aerosols in four communities adjacent to metal recyclers in Houston, Texas, USA

3 years 11 months ago
The metal recycling industry provides jobs, generates revenue in local communities and conserves energy and resources. Nonetheless, possible negative impacts of metal recyclers (MRs) include the potential for emissions of metal aerosols and other dusts, noise, traffic and fire during operations. In Houston, Texas, there were more than 180 resident complaints about air quality related to MRs from 2006 to 2011 that were reported to the city's 311 call system. As a part of a community-based...
Inkyu Han

Racial/ethnic differences in treatment quality among youth with primary care provider-initiated versus mental health specialist-initiated care for major depressive disorders

3 years 11 months ago
CONCLUSIONS: Minority youths received less adequate MDD treatment compared to Whites. Hispanic children had the highest risk of having mental health-related hospitalization. The specialty of provider who initiated MDD care had limited impact on treatment quality and was not associated with the racial/ethnic variations in treatment completion and mental health-related hospitalizations.
Aylin Yucel
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