Diabetes affects thousands of Houstonians and hits hardest where resources are limited. Through awareness, prevention, and community support, we can change the trajectory. Together, we can make Houston a healthier city one step, one meal, one check-up at a time. HHD Interim Chief of Medical Services Dr. Janeana White shares more about diabetes in honor of Diabetes Awareness Month.  

How prevalent in diabetes in our city? 

DR. JANEANA WHITE: Diabetes is one of the most pressing health issues facing our region. It is a major chronic disease concern for us, and our rates are above state and national averages. Across the United States, about 1 in 9 adults lives with diabetes. Here in Houston, the numbers are even higher: local data shows nearly 13% of adults are affected. This condition impacts individuals, families, workplaces, and communities. Prevalence is highest in neighborhoods with limited access to healthcare, healthy foods, and safe physical activity options. Higher rates are also found among African American and Hispanic residents, and among households with lower income and educational attainment. These findings reinforce what we see every day: diabetes is not only a medical issue, it is a social and community issue too. But with education, early detection, and community support, we can make meaningful changes together. 

What are the symptoms of Type 1 & 2 Diabetes? 

JW: Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking insulin-producing cells, and it usually appears suddenly (often in children or young adults). Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, rapid weight loss, fatigue, nausea, and fruity-smelling breath. Type 1 always requires insulin for management.  

Type 2 Diabetes is the most common form. This occurs when the body doesn’t use insulin effectively. It develops gradually, often without obvious symptoms. Symptoms include increased thirst/hunger, blurred vision, frequent urination, fatigue, tingling in hands/feet, slow-healing wounds. It is often linked to lifestyle habits, genetics, and age.  

What are the risk factors of diabetes? What groups should be wary of it? 

JW: Risk factors include a family history of diabetes, people who are over the age of 45, those who are African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, Asian American or Pacific Islander. Risk factors also include those who are overweight or obese, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating habits, high blood pressure or cholesterol as well as a history of gestational diabetes  

What are the dangers of ignoring diabetes? 

JW: Ignoring diabetes can lead to the various dangerous conditions, including: 

Thankfully, these complications are preventable with consistent care. 

What should we do after a Diabetes diagnosis? How can we manage it at home? 

First, establish care with your doctor, diabetes educator, and dietitian. And make sure you know your numbers: A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose targets. Create a care plan that consists of medications, diet, physical activity, monitoring. Schedule regular eye and foot exams. Join education classes or support groups.  

When you’re at home, eat balanced meals: vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins. Aim for at least 150 minutes of exercise weekly. Monitor your glucose as directed. Inspect your feet daily. Take medications as prescribed and avoid smoking, limit alcohol and manage your stress.

As healthcare providers we should encourage awareness of diabetes. We can promote awareness through outreach and education, support local screening events, partner with other organizations to address food insecurity and healthcare access. And finally, encourage healthy workplaces and advocate for equitable care across Houston.